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InfoShare (May, 2003)

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Immigrants and Visible Minorities in Peel


Information on cultural diversity within a population is important for the planning and delivery of services to that population. Different groups have different needs and values, and these have to be taken into consideration when delivering services to those groups. This newsletter provides information on the immigrant and visible minority population in Peel Region, using official data from the 2001 Census of Canada. It also provides a list of many of the human service agencies in Peel which specialize in providing social services, language-training, employment training, and other services to immigrants and visible minorities.
Highlights from the 2001 Census of Canada


Immigrants

  • 424,820 immigrants; 43% of the Peel population. (27% of the Ontario population are immigrants.)
  • 62.6% of Peel's population growth between 1996 and 2001 was due to immigration into Peel (85,450 of 136,423).
  • Between 1996 and 2001, the immigrant population in Peel grew by 25.2% (compared to 11.2% growth of the immigrant population in Ontario and 16% growth of the Peel population as a whole).
  • The top ten countries of origin for immigrants in Peel are (in descending order): India, United Kingdom, Poland, The Philippines, Jamaica, Pakistan, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Vietnam, and Hong Kong.

Visible Minorities

  • 379,105 visible minority persons; 38.5% of the Peel population (compared to 19.1% in Ontario).
  • Between 1996 and 2001, the visible minority population in Peel increased by 43% (compared to a 28% increase in Ontario's visible minority population during that time).

Ethnic Groups

  • Over 93 different ethnic groups in Peel.
  • The ten largest ethnic groups in Peel (based on total responses): Canadian, English, East Indian, Scottish, Irish, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, French, and Chinese.

Languages

  • Over 60 different languages spoken by Peel residents.
  • The top ten mother tongue languages in Peel (after English) are: Punjabi, Polish, Chinese, Italian, Portuguese, Urdu, Tagalog/Filipino, Spanish, Arabic and Vietnamese (respectively).

*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *

Number of Human Service Organizations in Peel Specializing in Serving Immigrants and Visible Minorities: Over 40 (See list at end of this newsletter.)
 

I. Immigrants in Peel: 2001

"Immigrant population" refers to persons who are not Canadian citizens by birth, regardless of whether they have later obtained Canadian citizenship. This category also excludes non-permanent residents in Canada.

The engine of Peel's population growth is immigration: 62.6% of the growth of the Peel population between 1996 and 2001 was due to immigration. Between 1996 and 2001, the majority of the new immigrants coming into Peel were from Asian and Caribbean countries.

What proportion of the total immigrant population in Ontario lives in Peel?
Approximately 14% of Ontario's immigrant population lives in Peel (2001).

How many immigrants live in Peel?
In 2001, 424,820 people in Peel reported that they were born outside of Canada (i.e., they are immigrants).

What proportion of Peel's population is comprised of immigrants?
43.1% of Peel's total population is comprised of immigrants, up from the 1996 figure of 39.8%. By comparison, 26.8% of Ontario's population (or 3,030,075) was comprised of immigrants in 2001.

Has the number of immigrants in Peel increased between 1996 and 2001?

  • Yes, between the 1996 and 2001 Census of Canada, the number of immigrants in Peel increased by 25.2%, a growth of 85,450 people (from 339,370 to 424,820). This rate of growth outstripped that of the general rate of population growth in Peel in the same period, which was only 16%.
  • 62.6% of Peel's population growth between 1996 and 2001 was due to immigration into Peel (85,450 of 136,423).

What are the top ten countries of origin for immigrants in Peel?

  1. India
  2. United Kingdom
  3. Poland
  4. The Philippines
  5. Jamaica
  6. Pakistan
  7. Guyana
  8. Trinidad and Tobago
  9. Vietnam
  10. Hong Kong
Table 1
The Immigrant Population in Peel Region and its Municipalities, 2001 (with Ontario Comparison)
  Ontario Peel Mississauga Brampton Caledon
# % # % # % # % # %
Canadian-born population 8,164,860 72.3 553,440 56.2 319,865 52.4 193,220 59.6 40,355 80.1
Foreign-born population (immigrants*) 3,030,075 26.8 424,820 43.1 285,650 46.8 129,280 39.9 9,890 19.6
*Immigrated
before 1991		 2,007,705 66.3 265,845 62.6 171,505 60.0 85,400 66.1 8,945 90.4
*Immigrated
after 1991		 1,022,370 33.7 158,975 37.4 114,150 40.0 43,880 33.9 945 9.6
Non-permanent residents 90,615 0.8 7,300 0.7 5,300 0.9 1,885 0.6 110 0.2
Total Population 11,285,550   985,560   610,815   324,385   50,355  

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001

Table 2
Growth of Peel's Immigrant Population, 1986-2001
Year Total Population of Peel Immigrant Population of Peel % of Total Population # increase of Immigrant Population % increase of Immigrant Population
1986 592,154 189,655 32.0    
1991 732,798 265,005 36.2 75,350 39.7
1996 852,525 339,370 39.8 74,365 28.1
2001 988,948 424,820 43.0 85,450 25.2

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 1986, 1991, 1996, and 2001; The Social Planning Council of Peel: The Social Profile of Peel, 1998.

Table 3
Immigration as a Major Factor in the Growth of Peel's Population 1986-2001
Year Total Population of Peel Growth of Total Population (#) of Peel Immigrant Population of Peel Growth of Immigrant Population (#) of Peel % Contribution of Immigration to Increase of Total Peel Population
1986 592,154   189,655    
1991 732,798 140,644 265,005 75,350 53.6
1996 852,525 119,727 339,370 74,365 62.1
2001 988,948 136,423 424,820 85,450 62.6

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 1986, 1991, 1996, and 2001; The Social Planning Council of Peel: The Social Profile of Peel, 1998.
 
II. Visible Minorities in Peel: 2001


Definition of Visible Minority

According to Employment Equity legislation at the federal level of government in Canada, the term "visible minority" refers to people who are non-Caucasian or non-White and non-Aboriginal. In Canada, the following groups are regarded as visible minorities: South Asians, Blacks, Chinese, Filipinos, Arabs, West Asians, Latin Americans, Southeast Asians, Koreans, and Japanese.

What proportion of the total visible minority population in Ontario lives in Peel

Approximately 17.6% of Ontario's visible minority population lives in Peel (2001).

How many visible minority persons live in Peel?

379,105 (compared to 265,285 in 1996).

What proportion of Peel's population is comprised of visible minorities?

  • 38.5% (compared to 31.1% in 1996).
  • By comparison, 19.1% of Ontario's population in 2001 (or 2,153,045) was comprised of visible minorities.

Has the number of visible minorities in Peel increased between the 1996 and 2001 Census of Canada?

  • Yes. From 265,285 to 379,105; a 43% increase, compared to a 28 % increase in the visible minority population in Ontario as a whole.
  • In contrast, the total population of Peel grew by only 16% between 1996 and 2001. The immigrant population in Peel grew by 25.2% during that period also.

What are the three largest groups of visible minorities in Peel?

  1. South Asians/East Indians (155,055)
  2. Blacks (70,695)
  3. Chinese (41,605)

How are visible minorities distributed across Peel's three municipalities?

  • The majority of the visible minority population (65%) in Peel Region lives in Mississauga; compared to 34.4% in Brampton, and 0.6% in Caledon.
  • Mississauga also has the highest proportion of visible minorities within its total population: 40.3%, compared to 40.2% in Brampton and 5% in Caledon.
  • Brampton has a higher proportion of South Asians and Blacks, compared to Mississauga, Caledon, and Ontario as a whole.
  • Mississauga has a higher proportion of "Oriental" people (Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, Japanese, and Southeast Asians) than Brampton.

Figure1
Total Visible Minority Population as a Percentage of the Total Population of Peel Region and its Municipalities (with Ontario Comparison) 2001

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001.

Table 4
Size of Different Visible Minority Groups in Peel and Ontario, 2001
Visible Minority Groups ONTARIO PEEL
Mississauga Brampton Caledon Total Peel
South Asians 554,870 91,150 63,205 700 155,055
Blacks 411,090 37,850 32,070 770 70,695
Chinese 481,510 35,955 5,445 210 41,605
Filipinos 156,515 24,615 6,965 45 31,625
Arabs 88,545 11,415 1,850 75 13,340
West Asians 67,100 4,200 1,085 180 5,460
Latin Americans 106,835 9,265 5,225 175 14,665
Southeast Asians 86,410 10,015 3,005 35 13,050
Koreans 53,955 5,175 615 45 5,830
Japanese 24,925 1,980 535 105 2,620
Visible Minority, n.i.e 78,915 9,950 8,180 130 18,260
Multiple Visible Minorities 42,375 4,755 2,110 45 6,905
Total Visible Minority Population 2,153,045 246,325 130,290 2,515 379,110
Total Population 11,285,550 610,815 324,385 50,355 985,560

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001.

Figure 2
Visible Minority Groups as a Percentage of the Total Population of Peel Region and its Municipalities (with Ontario Comparison) 2001

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001.

Table 5
Growth of Visible Minority Groups in Peel Region (1996-2001)
Visible Minority Groups 1996 2001 % inc. 1996* 2001*
South Asians 96,735 155,055 60.3% 11.3% 15.7%
Blacks 55,875 70,695 26.5% 6.6% 7.1%
Chinese 34,945 41,605 19.1% 4.1% 4.2%
Filipinos 23,240 31,625 36.1% 2.7% 3.2%
Arabs/West Asians 12,075 18,800 55.7% 1.4% 1.9%
Latin Americans 10,345 14,665 41.8% 1.2% 1.5%
Southeast Asians 9,815 13,050 33.0% 1.2% 1.3%
Koreans 3,130 5,830 86.3% 0.4% 0.6%
Japanese 2,525 2,620 3.8% 0.3% 0.3%
Visible Minority, n.i..e. 11,215 18,260 62.8% 1.3% 1.8%
Multiple Visible Minority 5,385 6,905 28.2% 0.6% 0.7%
Total visible minority population 265,285 379,110 42.9% 31.1% 38.3%
Total population 852,525 988,948 16.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001.
* % of Peel Population
 
III. Languages in Peel: 2001

Demographers sometimes categorize the languages spoken by a population into two groups: mother tongue and home language. Mother tongue is defined as the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood at the time of the Census. Home language refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the Census.

How many different mother tongue languages are spoken by the people of Peel?

According to the 2001 Census of Canada, there are at least 60 different languages identified as "mother tongue" languages spoken by residents in Peel.

How many people in Peel speak English as their mother tongue (or first language)?

  • In 2001, 582,350 residents in Peel - or 59% of the population - reported speaking English as a mother tongue (based on single responses). By comparison, 71% of Ontario's population reported speaking English as a mother tongue (based on single responses).
  • Between 1996 and 2001, the number of speakers of Canada's official languages, i.e., English and/or French, in Peel increased by 7.9% or an additional 43,545 people (from 551,155 to 594,700). However, as a proportion of the Peel population, native English/French speakers (or people whose mother tongue is English or French) declined from 64.9 % of the population to 60.4%.

How many people in Peel use English as their home language (speak English in their homes)?

  • 64% of the residents of Peel use English as their home language (based on single responses). This percentage increases to approximately 87% if multiple responses are added (responses from people who reported that they speak English and a non-English language in their homes).

How many people in Peel speak Non-Official Languages (Languages that are not English or French) as their mother tongue?

  • In 2001, 369,150 residents or 37.5% of the Peel population reported speaking a non-official language as their mother tongue. By comparison, 24% of Ontario's population reported speaking a mother tongue other than English or French (based on single responses).
  • Between 1996 and 2001, the number of speakers of non-official languages in Peel increased by 33.2% from 277,165 to 369,150 or an addition of 91,985 people. As mentioned earlier, the number of people in Peel speaking English or French as their mother tongue increased by only 8% in the same period.

Aside from English, what are the top ten mother tongue languages in Peel Region?

Punjabi, Polish, Chinese, Italian, Portuguese, Urdu, Tagalog/Filipino, Spanish, Arabic, and Vietnamese.

Aside from English, what are the top ten home languages spoken in Peel Region?

Punjabi, Chinese, Polish, Portuguese, Urdu, Spanish, Italian, Vietnamese, Arabic and Tamil.

How many people in Peel speak French as their mother tongue?

12,350 or 1.3% of the population.

Table 6
Proportion of the Population by Mother Tongue and Home Language: Peel Region and its Municipalities (with Ontario Comparison) 2001
  Ontario PEEL
Brampton Caledon Mississauga Peel Total
# % # % # % # % # %
By mother tongue 11,285,550 100% 324,395 100% 50,360 100% 610,815 100% 985,565 100%
Multiple responses 162,610 1.4% 6,575 2.0% 445 0.9% 14,690 2.4% 21,715 2.2%
Single responses 11,122,940 98.6% 317,815 98.0% 49,915 99.1% 596,125 97.6% 963,850 97.8%
English 7,965,225 70.6% 209,410 64.6% 40,290 80.0% 332,645 54.5% 582,350 59.1%
French 485,630 4.3% 3,935 1.2% 505 1.0% 7,910 1.3% 12,350 1.3%
Non-official languages 2,672,085 23.7% 104,465 32.2% 9,115 18.1% 255,570 41.8% 369,150 37.5%
By home language 11,285,545 100% 324,390 100% 50,360 100% 610,815 100% 985,565 100%
Multiple responses 1,758,640 15.6% 63,135 19.5% 5,060 10.0% 158,765 26.0% 226,965 23.0%
Single responses 9,526,905 84.4% 261,255 80.5% 45,300 90.0% 452,050 74.0% 758,600 77.0%
English 8,456,585 74.9% 223,375 68.9% 44,105 87.6% 364,675 59.7% 632,155 64.1%
French 164,550 1.5% 735 0.2% 10 0.0% 1,560 0.3% 2,300 0.2%
Non-official languages 905,770 8.0% 37,145 11.5% 1,185 2.4% 85,820 14.1% 124,145 12.6%

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001; Health Planning Division, Region of Peel Health Department, January 27, 2003.

Figure 3
Population of Peel by Mother Tongue, 1996-2001 (based on single response)

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001; The Social Planning Council of Peel, The Social Profile of Peel, 1998.

Table 7
Ranking of Non-Official Mother Tongue Languages: Peel Municipalities, 2001 (based on single responses)
  Brampton Caledon Mississauga
# % # % # %
Total population reporting mother tongue 324,395 100.0 50,360 100.0 610,815 100.0
Population speaking non-official languages as mother tongues 104,465 32.2 9,115 18.1 255,570 41.8

 
Non-official language Brampton Non-official language Caledon Non-official language Mississauga
# % # % # %
Punjabi 33,745 10.4 Italian 4,250 8.4 Polish 29,550 4.8
Portuguese 10,530 3.2 German 900 1.8 Chinese 28,995 4.7
Italian 9,300 2.9 Portuguese 595 1.2 Punjabi 24,045 3.9
Spanish 5,470 1.7 Polish 540 1.1 Portuguese 18,480 3.0
Chinese 4,245 1.3 Punjabi 315 0.6 Italian 17,450 2.9
Tagalog (Filipino) 4,125 1.3 Croatian 285 0.6 Urdu 14,335 2.3
Polish 3,740 1.2 Dutch 235 0.5 Tagalog (Filipino) 13,565 2.2
Urdu 3,600 1.1 Ukrainian 225 0.4 Arabic 12,495 2.0
Gujarati 3,075 0.9 Spanish 200 0.4 Spanish 10,895 1.8
Hindi 2,800 0.9 Persian(Farsi) 175 0.3 Vietnamese 7,745 1.3
Other languages 23,835 7.3 Other languages 1,395 2.8 Other languages 78,015 12.8

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001; Health Planning Division, Region of Peel Health Department, 2003

Table 8
Growth of Peel's Population with a Non-English/Non-French Mother Tongue, 1996 - 2001
Non-English/Non-French
Mother Tongue		 1996 2001 % increase
# % # % 1996-2001
Punjabi 35,500 12.8 58,105 15.7 63.7
Polish 25,475 9.2 33,370 9.0 20.8
Chinese* 27,620 10.0 33,370 9.0 20.8
Italian 31,465 11.4 30,995 8.4 -1.5
Portuguese 27,915 10.1 29,605 8.0 6.1
Urdu 6,990 2.5 17,945 4.9 156.7
Tagalog (Filipino) 12,935 4.7 17,720 4.8 37.0
Spanish 12,190 4.4 16,570 4.5 35.9
Arabic 8,695 3.1 14,470 3.9 66.4
Vietnamese 6,860 2.5 9,235 2.5 34.6
Other 81,520 29.4 107,300 29.1 31.6
TOTAL 277,165 100.0 369,150 100.0 33.2
*Note: In 2001, "Chinese" was separated into 4 languages (Cantonese - 12,985; Mandarin - 3,410; Hakka - 190; and Chinese "n.o.s." - 16,785.).

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2001; The Social Planning Council of Peel, The Social Profile of Peel, 1998; Health Planning Division, Region of Peel Health Department, 2003.
 

IV. Service Implications of Cultural Diversity in Peel

The majority of the human service agencies in Peel - especially those that are non-profit agencies - were created in the 1970's and early 1980's when the majority of the population in Peel was quite homogenous: mostly people who were White, of European background, Christian and English-speaking. Today, as has been shown, the population of Peel is no longer homogenous but very diverse - in race, language culture, religion, etc. The challenge for the human services sector in Peel is to respond to this diversity in culturally appropriate ways and to do this from a social justice and human rights perspective. The following are some of the issues that the human service organizations in Peel will have to address:
  • Increased demand for settlement services for new immigrants and refugees
  • Increased demand for English language training
  • Increased demand for culturally appropriate or culturally competent services
  • Increased demand for equal opportunity in all areas of Canadian society (especially in the labour market and the educational system).
  • Increased need for cross-cultural planning of services
  • Increased need for co-ordination between settlement agencies and traditional (or "mainstream") human service agencies
  • Increased need for cross-cultural training of human service workers
  • Increased need for anti-racism education of human service workers and the community at large
  • Increased need for conflict-management processes and skills of relevance to a racially and culturally diverse population.

The approach taken to these challenges of diversity can take one of two forms. The challenges can be seen as new burdens on an already over-worked and under-funded human services sector. From this perspective, the primary objective would be to acquire the necessary funds for the job at hand and to apply the appropriate diversity management expertise to change and enable the organizations and their services to be responsive to the needs of diverse groups in culturally appropriate ways.

In contrast to the "diversity as burden" perspective is the "diversity as opportunity" perspective. The challenges posed by Peel's diverse population can be seen as an opportunity to create a culturally-competent human services sector that can be a model for the rest of the world, especially at this time in human history when ethnic conflicts are increasing around the world. Acquiring funds for the job at hand would be one objective; however, it would be linked to an even higher objective: creating social infrastructure that is respectful of and responsive to racial and cultural diversity in Canadian society. Furthermore, the knowledge, skills and values gained from this civic adventure can be shared with the rest of the world. This humanitarian and global approach to building culturally competent infrastructure is in keeping with Canada's traditional role as "peacekeeper" in international conflict areas and its historical support for the very diverse United Nations.

A LIST OF SOME OF THE HUMAN SERVICE AGENCIES SERVING IMMIGRANTS AND
VISIBLE MINORITIES IN PEEL REGION

ETHNO-SPECIFIC AGENCIES  
South Asians
  • India Rainbow Community Services (Brampton office)
    		•  905-459-0159
  • India Rainbow Community Services (Mississauga office)
    		• 905-275-6799
  • Muslim Community Services
    		•  905-790-1910
  • Muslim Community Centre Inc.
    		•  905-569-6222
  • Punjabi Community Health Centre
    		•  905-273-4884
    Blacks (African, Caribbean, Canadian, etc.)
  • African Community Services of Peel (Mississauga office)
    		•  905-206-9497
  • African Community Services of Peel (Brampton office)
    		•  905-460-9514
  • Caribbean Association of Peel
    		•  905-890-2676
  • Congress of Black Women of Canada/Brampton Chapter
    		•  905-840-3378
  • Congress of Black Women of Canada/Mississauga Chapter
    		•  905-608-0126
  • Peel Sisters of Colour in Action
    		•  905-453-7940
  • United Achievers
    		•  905-455-6789
    Chinese
  • Brampton Chinese Association
    		•  905-458-4159
  • Chinese Association of Mississauga
    		•  905-275-8558
  • Chinese Golden Age Club of Mississauga
    		•  905-507-2280
  • Mississauga Chinese Business Association
    		•  905-625-6222
  • Toronto Chinese Community Services Association (Peel Office)
    		•  905-615-9500
    Arabs/West Asians
  • Afghan Women's Counselling and Integration Community Support
        Organization
    		•  905-279-3679
  • Canada-Palestine House
    		•  905-270-3622
    Southeast Asians
  • The Indonesian Association
    		•  905-567-8495
  • Vietnamese Community Centre
    		•  905-891-3825
    Filipinos
  • Brampton Filipino Seniors Club
    		•  905-792-7422
  • Filipino Seniors of Mississauga
    		•  905-275-1372
    Latin Americans
  • Academia Association of Brampton
    		•  905-453-8606
  • Grupo Folclorico of Brampton
    		•  905-451-7264
    Italians
  • Mississauga Italian Canadian Benevolent Association
    		•  905-502-6003
    Polish
  • Polish Immigrant and Community Services of Peel
    		•  905-403-8860
  • John Paul II Polish Cultural Centre
    		•  905-306-9900
    Portuguese
  • Portuguese Community Centre of Brampton
    		•  905-840-6061
  • Portuguese Club of Mississauga Inc
    		•  905-275-6844
     
     
    MULTI-ETHNIC IMMIGRANT SETTLEMENT AGENCIES*
    (SERVING IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS)
    AGENCY/ORGANIZATION TELEPHONE WEB-SITE (if available)
    Catholic Cross-Cultural Services 905-457-7740/
    905-273-4140    		  
    Elder-Help Peel 905-457-6055  
    Multicultural Inter-Agency Group 905-270-6252 www.miag-spc.org
    Newcomer Information Centres
    Mississauga:
    Brampton:    		  
    905-270-6000ext.266
    905-791-6700ext.301     		http://www.clta.on.ca/Newcomers-Information/about.html
    Peel Multicultural Centre 905-608-0075 www.peelmc.com

    * These agencies also provide a wide range of community development and organizational development services to immigrant organizations and “mainstream” human service agencies that want to provide culturally appropriate services to their clients.

    NEIGHBOURHOOD SERVICE CENTRES*
    PROVIDING SETTLEMENT SERVICES TO IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS
    AGENCY/ORGANIZATION TELEPHONE WEB-SITE (if available)
    Brampton Multicultural Centre 905-790-8482 www.bmccentre.org
    Brampton Neighbourhood Resource Centre 905-452-1262  
    Caledon Community Services 905-584-9460 www.caledoncommunityservices.org
    Dixie Bloor Neighbourhood Centre 905-629-1873 www.dixiebloor.ca
    Inter-Cultural Neighbourhood Services 905-273-4884 www.icnsspeel.org
    Malton Neighbourhood Services 905-677-6270 www.maltonservices.org
    * These agencies provide a wide range of services for the general population in their neighbourhoods. Services specifically designed for new immigrants and refugees are one of the many types of services they provide.
     
    INTERPRETATION AND TRANSLATION AGENCIES
    AGENCY/ORGANIZATION TELEPHONE WEB-SITE (if available)
    Centre for Language Training and Assessment (CLTA) 905-949-0049 www.tcet.com
    Cultural Interpreter Service of Peel (CISP) 905-238-1463
    1-888-721-4444    		 www.cisp.ca
     

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